For Example- Crude oil is processed into kerosene, gasoline, and other products. Under this system, generally, one principal raw material is transformed into several products at different stages of operations. Large industries like petroleum refining, heavy chemical industries generally use this system of production. Generally under this system finished product of one process is used in the next process as a raw material until the last process. This system is an extended form of mass production where production is carried on continuously through a uniform predetermined sequence of operations. This system may also be called ‘Flow Production System’. Standardization is the keynote of mass production. This system of production is used by concerns where manufacturing is carried on continuously in anticipation of demand through the demand of the product may not be uniform through the year. Such processes are adopted by the concern which produces goods or services continuously by putting them through a series of successive connected operations in anticipation of customer demand and rather than in response to customers or orders.Įxamples are: Examples of an industry using such technology are:Ĭlassification of Continuous Production System: It makes use of special purpose machines and produces standardized items in large quantities. This is the first or primary type of production system and it means it involves a continuous or almost continuous physical flow of material. There are mainly two main production systems: Finally, an output is made available in form of an executable application program. These codes are then integrated in some database and are provided with a user-friendly interface through a conversion process. Here, initially, written program codes are used as an inputs. Intangible goods: Consider an example from a service industry that of a software-development firm or company. Here, sugarcane is first used as an input, then the juice of sugarcane is processed through a conversion process, finally to get an output known as a refined sugar (used for mass consumption). Tangible goods: Consider an example of a manufacturing industry like a Sugar Industry. The examples of a production system are as follows: In short, everything which is done to produce goods and services or to achieve the production objective is called production system. Hence, we can say that, production system is a union or combination of its three main components viz., Inputs, Conversion Process, and Output. The three components of a production system are depicted in this diagram. Output includes finished products, finished goods (parts), and services.The supporting activities include production planning and control, purchase of raw-materials, receipt, storage and issue of materials, inspection of parts and work-in-progress, testing of products, quality control, warehousing of finished products, etc. Conversion process also includes supporting activities, which help the process of conversion. Operations may be either manual or mechanical or chemical. Conversion process includes operations (actual production process).Inputs include raw: Materials, machines, man-hours, components or parts, drawing, instructions and other paper works.Production system consists of three main components viz., Inputs, Conversion Process and Output. Huge systems are often a collection (assembly) of smaller sub-systems. It operates as a whole and is designed (build) with an intension to achieve (fulfill) some objective or do some work. So, I presume, that critical means any QMS process for which a procedure is required by the standard.System is an arrangement or assembly of inter-dependent processes (activities) that are based on some logic and function. When I asked why he would be considered a critical supplier, I was told that he is involved in a "critical process", namely an Internal Audit. For example, during an ISO audit I was asked if my external consultant performing my internal audit is considered to be a "critical supplier" (another use of "critical" without formal definition). So, as others have mentioned this frequently includes sterilization, welding, some forms of final test, etc.įor QMS processes, I'm a little more vague because there is no definition of a "critical process", but I've heard auditors frequently refer to them. device defect caused during production) can result in an unacceptable risk to a user. Is the question about production processes or the QMS processes? (I understand that one is subset of the other)įor production processes, I've seen a definition of critical applied to any process, a failure of which (e.g.
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